2020—2025年江苏省兴化市围产儿出生缺陷监测结果及趋势分析-现代医学

2020—2025年江苏省兴化市围产儿出生缺陷监测结果及趋势分析

单位：1. 兴化市妇幼保健院妇产科, 江苏泰州 225700;
2. 东南大学附属中大医院妇产科, 江苏南京 210009

分类号：R714

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·54·第五期（802-807）

摘要：

目的：分析2020—2025年江苏省兴化市围产儿出生缺陷的发生特征及变化趋势，为县域层面出生缺陷防控提供参考依据。方法：收集2020年1月1日至2025年12月31日兴化市19家助产机构分娩的孕产妇及围产儿资料，对出生缺陷发生率、分类顺位进行回顾性分析与趋势检验。结果：2020—2025年监测到围产儿20 007例，诊断出生缺陷173例，合计发生率为86.47/万，呈逐年上升趋势(χ²_趋势=16.10，P＜0.01)。男围产儿出生缺陷发生率(101.28/万)高于女(71.16/万)，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。产妇年龄<20岁组缺陷发生率最高(209.42/万)，≥35岁组次之(113.81/万)。早产组(<37周)出生缺陷发生率(298.85/万)显著高于足月组(76.81/万)，后者呈显著上升趋势(χ²_趋势=22.71，P＜0.01)。2024年出生缺陷发生率随孕次增加显著上升(χ²_趋势=4.21，P＜0.05)。缺陷类型前3顺位依次为先天性心脏病(28.99/万)、多指/趾(15.99/万)、外耳其他畸形(12.50/万)，其中先天性心脏病发生率上升趋势最显著(χ²_趋势=23.24，P＜0.01)。秋季(χ²_趋势=19.85，P＜0.01)和冬季(χ²_趋势=21.55，P＜0.01)出生缺陷发生率呈显著上升趋势。结论：兴化市出生缺陷防治形势依旧严峻，应重点关注男围产儿、母亲低龄或高龄分娩、早产及高孕次孕妇群体，并针对高危人群实施精准干预，降低出生缺陷发生。

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and trends of perinatal birth defects in Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province from 2020 to 2025, providing a basis for birth defect prevention at the county level. Methods: Data on perinatal infants delivered in 19 midwifery institutions in Xinghua from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2025 were retrospectively analyzed for incidence and distribution of birth defects, with trend tests applied.Results:From 2020 to 2025, 20 007 perinatal infants were examined, identifying 173 birth defects. The overall incidence was 86.47 per 10 000, with a significant annual increasing trend(trend χ²=16.10, P<0.01). The incidence was significantly higher in males(101.28 per 10 000) than in females(71.16 per 10 000)(P<0.05). The maternal age group<20 years had the highest incidence(209.42 per 10 000), followed by the ≥35 years group(113.81 per 10 000). The preterm group(<37 weeks) had a significantly higher incidence(298.85 per 10 000) than the full-term group(76.81 per 10 000), with the latter showing a significant upward trend(trend χ²=22.71, P<0.01). In 2024, the incidence increased significantly with parity(trend χ²=4.21, P<0.05). The top three defect types were congenital heart disease(28.99 per 10 000), polydactyly/syndactyly(15.99 per 10 000), and other external ear deformities(12.50 per 10 000). Congenital heart disease showed the most pronounced increasing trend(trend χ²=23.24,P<0.01). Significant upward trends were also observed for births in autumn(trend χ²=19.85,P<0.01) and winter(trend χ²=21.55, P<0.01). Conclusion: Birth defects remain a significant concern in Xinghua. Targeted interventions should focus on high-risk groups, including male infants, young or advanced maternal age, preterm births, and multiparous pregnancies.

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