糖尿病与睡眠时长的关联研究：基于美国国家健康与营养调查数据库-现代医学

糖尿病与睡眠时长的关联研究：基于美国国家健康与营养调查数据库

单位：1. 黔西南州人民医院内分泌科, 贵州兴义 562400;
2. 沈阳医学院护理学院, 辽宁沈阳 110034;
3. 颍上县人民医院儿科, 安徽阜阳 236200;
4. 颍上县人民医院急诊外科, 安徽阜阳 236200;
5. 重庆中医药学院附属璧山医院肾病内分泌科, 重庆 402760

关键词：糖尿病睡眠时长国家健康与营养调查横断面研究多变量Logistic回归

分类号：R587.1

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·54·第五期（793-802）

摘要：

目的：基于美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)数据库，探讨不同睡眠时长与糖尿病患病风险的关联。方法：纳入2005—2018年NHANES数据库中12 385例成年参与者数据，采用加权多因素Logistic回归模型分析睡眠时长(<7 h·d^-1、7~9 h·d^-1、>9 h·d^-1)与糖尿病的关系，并通过限制性立方样条(RCS)模型检验非线性关联。结果：多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，在调整年龄、性别及合并症等混杂因素后，睡眠时长每增加1 h，糖尿病风险降低7%(OR=0.93，95%CI 0.87~0.99，P=0.029)。分组分析显示，与7~9 h·d^-1组相比，<7 h·d^-1组糖尿病风险显著升高(OR=1.28，95%CI 1.02~1.60，P=0.032)，而>9 h·d^-1组风险差异无统计学意义(OR=1.26，95%CI 0.70~2.27，P=0.441)。亚组分析表明该关联在不同人群中均稳健(交互作用P>0.05)。RCS分析揭示睡眠时长与糖尿病风险呈U型关联，7~9 h·d^-1风险最低。结论：睡眠时长与糖尿病患病风险显著相关，7~9 h·d^-1为最佳睡眠时长。睡眠不足与糖尿病患病风险显著相关，而睡眠过长与糖尿病患病风险未观察到显著关联。

Objective: Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) database, this study aimed to investigate the association between different sleep durations and the risk of diabetes. Methods:Data from 12 385 adult participants in the NHANES database between 2005 and 2018 were included. Weighted multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between sleep duration(<7 h·d^-1, 7-9 h·d^-1, >9 h·d^-1) and diabetes risk. Restricted cubic spline(RCS) models were applied to examine potential non-linear associations.Results: Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities, each additional hour of sleep was associated with a 7% reduction in diabetes risk(OR=0.93, 95%CI 0.87-0.99, P=0.029). Compared with the 7-9 h·d^-1 group, the<7 h·d^-1 group had a significantly higher risk of diabetes(OR=1.28, 95%CI 1.02-1.60, P=0.032), while the >9 h·d^-1 group showed no statistically significant difference(OR=1.26, 95%CI 0.70-2.27, P=0.441). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that this association was robust across different populations(interaction P>0.05). The RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and diabetes risk, with the lowest risk observed at 7-9 h·d^-1.Conclusion: Sleep duration is significantly associated with the risk of diabetes, and 7-9 h·d^-1 is the optimal sleep duration. Insufficient sleep is significantly associated with increased diabetes risk, whereas excessively long sleep was not found to be significantly associated with diabetes.

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