扬州市青少年结核病防治知信行现状及行为影响因素研究-现代医学

扬州市青少年结核病防治知信行现状及行为影响因素研究

单位：1. 宝应县疾病预防控制中心慢性传染病防制科, 江苏扬州 225800;
2. 邗江区疾病预防控制中心结核病防制科, 江苏扬州 225100;
3. 扬州市疾病预防控制中心慢性传染病防制科, 江苏扬州 225100;
4. 江苏省疾病预防控制中心慢性传染病防制所, 江苏南京 210009

关键词：结核病青少年知信行影响因素

分类号：R183.3

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·54·第一期（8-16）

摘要：

目的：了解扬州市青少年结核病防治知信行现况与结核病防控行为形成的影响因素。方法：采用分层整群抽样法抽取扬州市初中、高中/职高/中专及大学学生进行问卷调查，Pearson相关分析知信行相关性，多因素Logistic回归分析防控行为的影响因素。结果：共发放问卷9 105份，回收有效问卷8 953份，问卷有效率为98.33%。核心知识总知晓率为68.01%，及格率为70.14%；信念态度总持有率为71.79%，及格率为83.23%；防控行为总持有率为82.25%，及格率为88.12%。Pearson相关分析结果显示，核心知识、信念态度及防控行为三者之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示，男性(OR=0.659，95%CI：0.546~0.796)、高中/职高/中专(OR=0.524,95%CI：0.384~0.717)、经常熬夜(OR=0.666，95%CI：0.491~0.904)、有结核病接触史(OR=0.454，95%CI：0.218~0.945)、近半年内有肺结核症状(OR=0.734,95%CI：0.559~0.964)是防控行为形成的阻碍因素，无结核病接触史(OR=1.705，95%CI：1.392~2.088)、知识知晓得分及格(OR=4.595,95%CI：3.838~5.501)、信念态度持有得分及格(OR=17.297,95%CI：14.576~20.526)是防控行为形成的促进因素。结论：扬州市青少年结核病防治知信行水平低于国家规划目标，应加强男性、高中/职高/中专、经常熬夜、有结核病接触史、近半年内有肺结核症状者的健康教育和生活方式干预，形成结核病防治“知-信-行”良性循环链。

Objective: To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding tuberculosis prevention and control among adolescents in Yangzhou, as well as the influencing factors for the formation of tuberculosis prevention and control behaviors. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select students from junior high schools, senior high/vocational high/technical secondary schools, and universities in Yangzhou for a questionnaire survey. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations among knowledge, attitude, and practice, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors of prevention and control behaviors. Results: A total of 9 105 questionnaires were distributed, with 8 953 valid ones recovered, yielding an effective response rate of 98.33%. The overall awareness rate of core knowledge was 68.01%, and the pass rate was 70.14%; the overall rate of attitude was 71.79%, with a pass rate of 83.23%; the overall rate of adopting prevention and control behaviors was 82.25%, and the pass rate was 88.12%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations among core knowledge, belief/attitude, and prevention and control behaviors(all P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender(OR=0.659, 95%CI 0.546-0.796), studying in senior high/vocational high/technical secondary schools(OR=0.524, 95%CI 0.384-0.717), frequent staying up late(OR=0.666, 95%CI 0.491~0.904), having a history of TB exposure(OR=0.454, 95%CI 0.218-0.945), and having TB-like symptoms in the past six months(OR=0.734, 95%CI 0.559-0.964) were hindering factors for the formation of prevention and control behaviors. In contrast, no history of TB exposure(OR=1.705, 95%CI 1.392-2.088), a passing score in knowledge awareness(OR=4.595, 95%CI 3.838-5.501), and a passing score in attitude(OR=17.297, 95%CI 14.576-20.526) were promoting factors. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practice level of adolescents in Yangzhou regarding tuberculosis prevention and control is lower than the national planning targets. Health education and lifestyle interventions should be strengthened for males, students in senior high/vocational high/technical secondary schools, those who frequently stay up late, individuals with a history of tuberculosis exposure, and those with tuberculosis-like symptoms in the past six months, so as to form a positive cycle of “knowledge-attitude-practice” in tuberculosis prevention and control.

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