目的：探究子痫前期(PE)患者的血清胎盘外泌体对滋养细胞的增殖能力和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)炎症通路的影响，以明确外泌体在PE发病中对滋养细胞的调节功能。方法：采用8%聚乙二醇沉淀联合蔗糖密度梯度超速离心法提取重度PE患者和孕龄相匹配的正常妊娠妇女血清中的胎盘外泌体。通过Western blotting(WB)检测血清胎盘外泌体的标记分子CD63、CD81和胎盘碱性磷酸酶(PLAP)的表达。将PE患者血清胎盘外泌体(5.0 μg·mL^-1)作用于永生化人孕早期绒毛外滋养细胞(HTR-8/SV neo细胞)，利用CCK-8增殖实验检测HTR-8/SV neo细胞的增殖能力，并通过WB检测经血清胎盘外泌体作用的HTR-8/SV neo细胞中细胞周期蛋白(CCND1)的表达；同时通过WB检测PE患者经血清胎盘外泌体作用的HTR-8/SV neo细胞中NF-κB炎症通路的相关分子MyD88、p-p65及p65的表达。结果：重度PE患者和孕龄相匹配的正常妊娠妇女血清中分离的胎盘外泌体均表达CD63、CD81和PLAP。与正常妊娠妇女相比，PE患者的血清胎盘外泌体作用的HTR-8/SV neo细胞的增殖能力下降40%(P<0.05)。进一步检测发现，PE患者血清胎盘外泌体处理的HTR-8/SV neo细胞中CCND1的蛋白水平显著降低。另外，对滋养细胞的NF-κB炎症通路的检测发现，PE患者的血清胎盘外泌体作用的HTR-8/SV neo细胞中MyD88、p-p65及p65的表达均显著增加(P<0.05)。结论：PE患者血清胎盘外泌体抑制绒毛外滋养细胞的增殖，激活NF-κB炎症通路，导致母胎界面炎症异常激活和子宫螺旋动脉重塑障碍，表明母胎界面的细胞外泌体在PE发病中的重要作用。

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