常州市武进区大气PM<sub>2.5</sub>中多环芳烃的污染特征及健康风险评估-现代医学

常州市武进区大气PM_2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征及健康风险评估

单位：1. 南京医科大学公共卫生学院, 江苏南京 211166;
2. 南京医科大学附属常州市疾病预防控制中心食品与环境疾病科, 江苏常州 213000

分类号：R122

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·52·第九期（1412-1419）

摘要：

目的： 探讨常州市武进区大气PM_2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征、来源及健康风险。方法： 2017—2022年，每月定期采集常州市武进区大气PM_2.5样品，采用高效液相色谱法对PM_2.5中的PAHs质量浓度进行检测，采用分子诊断比法(MDRs)对PAHs来源进行分析，并评估PAHs可能带来的健康风险。结果： 2017—2022年共采集521份有效样品，常州市武进区大气PM_2.5的年均浓度在39~56 μg·m^-3，整体上呈递减趋势且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。16种PAHs总年均浓度1.08~5.54 ng·m^-3，呈下降趋势且在不同年间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，PAHs单体表现为冬春季大于夏秋季。16种PAHs中以4~5环为主，苯并[b]荧蒽的浓度最高。苯并[a]芘的危害商(HQ)在0.02~0.37之间，PAHs的超额致癌风险(ECR)分别为1.68×10^-6、1.63×10^-6、1.06×10^-6、6.11×10^-7、2.34×10^-7和1.98×10^-7，按季节进行分层，春、夏和秋季的ECR值小于1×10^-6，冬季大于1×10^-6，16岁以上人群的ECR值较高。结论： 2017—2022年常州市武进区大气PM_2.5中PAHs浓度水平总体上呈下降趋势，主要来源有生物质和煤燃烧、化石燃料燃烧、石油类燃烧和机动车排放，非致癌风险可忽略，冬季致癌风险较高，16岁以上人群的致癌风险要高于儿童。

Objective: To investigate the characteristics, sources and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) pollution in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Wujin District of Changzhou City. Methods: From 2017 to 2022, monthly atmospheric PM_2.5 samples in Wujin District of Changzhou were collected, and PAHs mass concentration in PM_2.5 was measured with high performance liquid chromatography and PAHs source was analyzed with molecular diagnostic ratios(MDRs) to assess the possible health risks of PAHs. Results: A total of 521 valid samples were collected from 2017 to 2022. The average annual atmospheric PM_2.5 concentration in Wujin District of Changzhou City ranged from 39 to 56 μg·m^-3, showing a decreasing trend and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The total average annual concentration of 16 PAHs ranged from 1.08 to 5.54 ng·m^-3, showing a decreasing trend with statistical significance in different years(P<0.05), and the performance of PAHs monomer was higher in winter and spring than that in summer and autumn. Among the 16 PAHs, mainly 4 to 5 rings, the concentration of benzo [b] fluoranthene was the highest. The hazard quotient(HQ) of benzo [a] pyrene was between 0.02 and 0.37, and the excess cancer risk(ECR) of PAHs was 1.68×10^-6, 1.63×10^-6, 1.06×10^-6, 6.11×10^-7, 2.34×10^-7 and 1.98×10^-7, respectively. The ECR value is lower than 1×10^-6 in spring, summer and autumn, and higher than 1×10^-6 in winter. Conclusion: From 2017 to 2022, the concentration of PAHs in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Wujin District of Changzhou shows a decreasing trend in general, and the main sources are biomass and coal combustion, fossil fuel combustion, petroleum combustion and motor vehicle emissions. The non-carcinogenic risk could be ignored, and the carcinogenic risk is higher in winter and in people over 16 years old than that in children.

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