目的：分析近5年来涟水县人民医院多发性骨髓瘤患者的诊治现状。方法：回顾2017年11月至2023年8月涟水县人民医院收治的34例多发性骨髓瘤患者资料，根据治疗方法不同分为传统化疗组和新药联合化疗组两组，传统化疗方案由沙利度胺联合地塞米松组成，新药联合化疗由硼替佐米或来那度胺联合传统化疗药物组成。分析患者临床资料，观察两组多发性骨髓瘤患者治疗效果及相关指标变化。结果：治疗后新药联合化疗组总有效率(88.2%)高于传统化疗组(55.9%)(P<0.05)；治疗后新药联合化疗组M蛋白、骨髓浆细胞比例、β2微球蛋白水平与传统化疗组相比，下降明显，治疗前后两组指标差值比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；治疗后新药联合化疗组血红蛋白水平上升明显，两组差值比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；治疗后新药联合化疗组尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、血尿酸(UA)水平明显下降，治疗前后两组BUN、SCr、UA的差值比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：多发性骨髓瘤患者应用硼替佐米、沙利度胺和地塞米松联合化疗总有效率更高，可显著改善患者肾功能，M蛋白、β2微球蛋白、血红蛋白及浆细胞水平，值得临床应用推广。

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