目的：探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)是否会增加弥漫性特发性骨肥厚(DISH)的患病风险。方法：采用两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)分析方法评估T2DM与DISH的因果关系。从已发表的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)数据集中选取与T2DM(观察组61 714例，对照组593 952例)强相关的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)作为工具变量，以DISH(33 413例)作为结局进行分析。MR分析方法包括逆方差加权法(IVW)、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法、简单中位数法和加权众数法。采用Cochran's Q检验、漏斗图、MR-Egger、留一法及MR-PRESSO法进行敏感性检测并纠正偏倚值，保证结果的可靠性。结果：T2DM与DISH存在正向的因果关联，T2DM患者发生DISH的风险约为正常人的1.03倍(IVW:OR =1.030,95%CI 1.004~1.057,P=0.026)。MR-Egger检验显示，结果不存在多效性(P=0.126)。虽然初步分析结果经Cochran's Q检验显示存在异质性(P<0.001),但经MR-PRESSO法纠正偏倚值后，异质性消失(P=0.111)。重复分析结果无明显差异(IVW:OR=1.027,95%CI 1.004~1.052,P=0.024)，且不存在水平多效性(P=0.09)，留一法逐一删除SNP后分析结果无变化，结果可靠。结论：T2DM可能会增加DISH的患病风险，对于老年T2DM患者影像学检查发现存在椎体前外侧缘钙化或骨化者应警惕其罹患DISH的可能。

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