2018—2022年新疆伊犁州新诊断HIV/AIDS晚发现情况及影响因素分析-现代医学

2018—2022年新疆伊犁州新诊断HIV/AIDS晚发现情况及影响因素分析

作者：王菊萍¹ 胡海洋² 李永俊¹ 金鹏¹ 阿力亚·阿西木江¹ 艾尔法尼·阿不力克木¹ 娜依拉·艾合买提¹ 玛吾兰·阿不都哈帕尔¹ 关晓霞¹ 赵洁¹ 赛力克·努

单位：1. 伊犁哈萨克自治州疾病预防控制中心性病与艾滋病防制科, 新疆伊宁 835000;
2. 江苏省疾病预防控制中心性病与艾滋病防制所, 江苏南京 210000;
3. 江苏省疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防制所, 江苏南京 210000

分类号：R512.91

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·52·第七期（1003-1008）

摘要：

目的：分析新疆伊犁州新诊断人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)晚发现情况及其可能的影响因素。方法：国家艾滋病综合防治信息系统下载2018—2022年伊犁州新诊断HIV/AIDS个案信息，晚发现定义为CD4细胞数<350个·μL^-1或者有至少1种AIDS指征性疾病。多因素Logistic回归模型分析晚发现的影响因素。结果：1 567例HIV/AIDS纳入研究，727例被判定为晚发现，总的晚发现率为46.4%(95%CI 43.9%~48.9%)，2018—2022年晚发现率无显著的上升及下降趋势(P=0.483)。相比于15~24岁年龄组、职业为农民及牧民、检测发现途径为全民体检的HIV/AIDS，40岁及以上年龄组(OR=2.333)，职业为家政、家务及待业(OR=1.361)，检测发现途径为医院就诊(OR=1.386)的HIV/AIDS更可能发生晚发现(P<0.05)。结论：2018—2022年新疆伊犁州新诊断HIV/AIDS HIV晚发现比例相对稳定；年龄较大、无业、通过医院就诊发现与HIV晚发现有关；应实施有针对性的措施，以减少HIV晚发现。

Objective: To analyze late presentation and influencing factors of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in Yili, Xinjiang from 2018 to 2022. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS who registered in national AIDS information system from 2018 to 2022 were included in this study. Late presentation of HIV infection was defined as HIV diagnosis with a CD4 cell count<350 cells·μL^-1 or an AIDS-defining event. Multivariable Logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors of late HIV presentation. Results: A total of 1 567 HIV/AIDS were enrolled. 727 were classified as late presenters, showing an overall percentage of 46.4%(95% CI 43.9%-48.9%), with no significant rise or fall over the years(P=0.483). Patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS who were 40 years and older(OR=2.333), were homemaker or unemployment(OR=1.361), and were diagnosed in medical institutions(OR=1.386) were more likely to be late presenters(P<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows a stable percentage of late HIV presentation among patients with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS in Yili, Xinjiang from 2018 to 2022. Older age, unemployment, and detection in medical institutions are the independent influencing factors of late HIV presentation. Targeted measures should be implemented to reduce late HIV diagnosis.

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