Objective: To analyze the relationship between the drug resistance and virulence genes of Acinetobacter baumannii(Ab) in blood stream infections by using whole genome sequencing(WGS). Methods: Twenty-five BSI-derived Ab strains from a tertiary hospital in Changzhou City were selected for WGS from December 2021 to June 2023.Strain resistance genes were analyzed by using ResFinder 4.0 from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology(CGE). Heat maps were produced using R software. Multilocus sequence typing(MLST) and genome-wide multilocus sequence typing(cgMLST) were performed on PubMLST(https://pubmlst.org/). Maximum likelihood trees were plotted by CSIPhylogeny1.4 and FigTreev1.4.4 software, while ITOL(https://itol. embl.de) tool to beautify and analyze the homology. Differences in drug resistance across virulence genes were analyzed by using SPSS 26.0. Results: Among the 25 Ab strains, 20 strains belonged to common ST2, and the rest were ST2266, ST25, ST106, ST1917, ST1641.28 acquired resistance genes were detected in the 25 strains. 25 strains of Ab were all carrying blaADC-25, and all of them were carrying the carbon-based resistance genes blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-66, except for 5 strains, which were numbered as S1, S4, S10, S12, and S24. Penicillinase resistance genes blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-66, the distribution of resistance genes varied for each strain, with the highest number of β-lactamase resistance genes being carried by these strains. All 25 strains carried multiple virulence factors, including outer membrane pore proteins, lipopolysaccharides, biofilms, efflux pumps, phospholipases, and other virulence factors. There were statistic differences in some antibiotics drug resistance of strains with virulence genes abaI and galE or without. Conclusion: The drug resistance and virulence characteristics of Ab are complex and diverse, as well as there are differences in resistance between strains carrying different virulence genes. |
[1] TIKU V.Acinetobacter baumannii:virulence strategies and host defense mechanisms[J].DNA Cell Bio,2022,41(1):43-48.
[2] 杨彬艺，姚冬梅.鲍曼不动杆菌耐药机制的研究及进展[J].实用预防医学,2019,26(6):766-769.
[3] 胡付品，郭燕，朱德妹，等.2021年CHINET中国细菌耐药监测[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2022,22(5):521-530.
[4] 李玉玲，杨景峰，王志斌，等.血清PCT、CRP及内毒素在细菌性血流感染所致脓毒症患者中的早期诊断价值[J].现代生物医学进展,2017,22(17):4365-4368.
[5] 胡小骞，王琴.基于全基因组测序的耐碳青霉烯类抗生素鲍曼不动杆菌耐药基因、毒力因子及同源性分析[J].中国抗生素杂志,2022,47(9):939-945.
[6] KIM S Y,KIM M H,KIM S I,et al.The sensor kinase BfmS controls production of outer membrane vesicles in Acinetobacter baumannii[J].BMC Microbiol,2019,19(1):301.
[7] 尚红，王毓三，申子瑜.全国临床检验操作规程[M].北京：人民卫生出版社，2015:734-752.
[8] LOCKHART S R,GHANNOUM M A,ALEXANDER B D.Establishment and use of epidemiological cutoff values for molds and yeasts by use of the clinical and laboratory standards institute M57 standard[J].J Clin Microbiol,2017,55(5):1262-1268.
[9] ZANKARI E,HASMAN H,COSENTINO S,et al.Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2012,67(11):2640-2644.
[10] SHARMA S,KUMAR S.Fast and accurate bootstrap confidence limits on genome-scale phylogenies using little bootstraps[J].Nat Comput Sci,2021,1(9):573-577.
[11] PRICE M N,DEHAL P S,ARKIN A P.FastTree 2--approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments[J].PLoS One,2010,5(3):e9490.
[12] RICHARD K L,KELLEY B R,JOHNSON J G.Heme uptake and utilization by gram-negative bacterial pathogens[J].Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2019,9:81.
[13] 张瀞之，余琳，张晏栋，等.血培养中碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染特征及耐药基因分析[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2022,38(10):874-882.
[14] 李珊，王锋，魏威，等.肾功能不全与非肾功能不全患者脓毒症血流感染差异的临床分析[J].现代医学,2021,49(10):1154-1158.
[15] HOLMES C L,ANDERSON M T,MOBLEY H,et al.Pathogenesis of gram-negative bacteremia[J].Clin Microbiol Rev,2021,34(2):128-135.
[16] MASLOVA E,EISAIANKHONGI L,SJOBERG F,et al.Burns and biofilms:priority pathogens and in vivo models[J].NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes,2021,7(1):73.
[17] VIJAYAKUMAR S,RAJENDERAN S,LAISHRAM S,et al.Biofilm formation and motility depend on the nature of the Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates[J].Front Public Health,2016,4:105.
[18] DE DIOS R,PROCTOR C R,MASLOVA E,et al.Artificial sweeteners inhibit multidrug-resistant pathogen growth and potentiate antibiotic activity[J].EMBO Mol Med,2023,15(1):e16397.
[19] LIU C,CHEN K,WU Y,et al.Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains collected countrywide from hospital intensive care units(ICUs) in China[J].Emerg Microbes Infect,2022,11(1):1730-1741.
[20] LUO T L,RICKARD A H,SRINIVASAN U,et al.Association of blaOXA-23 and bap with the persistence of Acinetobacter baumannii within a major healthcare system[J].Front Microbiol,2015,6:182.
[21] TIPTON K A,CHIN C Y,FAROKHYFAR M,et al.Role of capsule in resistance to disinfectants,host antimicrobials,and desiccation in Acinetobacter baumannii[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2018,62(12):e01188-18.
[22] 梁小英，农波，农少云.多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药机制研究[J].检验医学与临床,2022,19(11):1566-1569.
[23] AZIZI O,SHAHCHERAGHI F,SALIMIZAND H,et al.Molecular analysis and expression of bap gene in biofilm-forming multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii[J].Rep Biochem Mol Biol,2016,5(1):62-72.
[24] HUO W,BUSCH L M,HERNANDEZ-BIRD J,et al.Immunosuppression broadens evolutionary pathways to drug resistance and treatment failure during Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in mice[J].Nat Microbiol,2022,7(6):796-809.
[25] MOON K H,WEBER B S,FELDMAN M F.Subinhibitory concentrations of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole prevent biofilm formation by acinetobacter baumannii through inhibition of csu pilus expression[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2017,61(9):e00778-17.
[26] GIARDINA B J,SHAHZAD S,HUANG W,et al.Heme uptake and utilization by hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii LAC-4 is dependent on a canonical heme oxygenase(abHemO)[J].Arch Biochem Biophys,2019,672:108066.
[27] 郭停停，马文景，陈国微，等.双组份系统在鲍曼不动杆菌毒力和耐药中的作用及机制[J].中国病原生物学杂志,2021,16(11):1353-1356.
[28] 叶英，王鑫玲.耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性与毒力基因的相关性分析[J].中国抗生素杂志,2021,46(7):699-705.欢迎订阅 欢迎投稿 |
