Objective: To observe the clinical effect of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect(VSD) in children with congenital heart disease. Methods: 216 cases of congenital heart disease with VSDin our hospital by convenience sampling method were included in the study, and were divided into two groups according to the different treatment methods, intervention group(116 cases) underwent catheter intervention occlusion treatment and surgery group(100 cases) underwent traditional surgical treatment. The surgical efficacy, postoperative complications and recovery of the children in the two groups were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Compared with the surgery group, the intervention group had a shorter procedure time and less intraoperative bleeding, and the difference was statistically significant(t=32.269, 11.677, P＜0.05). The success rates of surgery in the two groups were 98.28% and 98.00%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant(χ²=0.127, P>0.05). The postoperative tracheal intubation time and hospitalization time were significantly shorter in the intervention group than in the surgery group(t=19.278, 13.148, P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in hospitalization costs between the two groups(t=0.308, P>0.05). The differences in ventricular myocardial depolarization time(QRS interval) before and after the operation between the two groups was statistically significant(t=23.868, P<0.05) The incidence of postoperative infection in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the surgery group(t=10.078, P＜0.05), but the incidence of arrhythmia was significantly higher than that in the surgery group(t=14.343, P＜0.05). There were no serious complications in the intervention group, and the incidence of serious complications in the surgery group was 7.00%, significantly higher than that in the intervention group(χ²=8.392, P＜0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of catheter intervention occlusion in the treatment of pediatric VSD is definite, with fewer severe postoperative complications. However, the incidence of postoperative arrhythmia is relatively high. It is necessary to reasonably control the safe distance between the occluder and important conduction systems during surgery.