中老年人群高血压的影响因素分析-现代医学

中老年人群高血压的影响因素分析

单位：1. 南京医科大学公共卫生学院, 江苏南京 211166;
2. 苏州市疾病预防控制中心健康教育所, 江苏苏州 215004;
3. 苏州市疾病预防控制中心主任办公室, 江苏苏州 215004

分类号：R58

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·52·第三期（342-349）

摘要：

目的：分析中老年人群的高血压患病现状并分析其影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2021年至2022年昆山市玉山镇中老年人群体检资料。按血压是否高于正常指标分为高血压组(n=2 514)和正常血压组(n=3 144)。比较两组的一般资料如性别、年龄、文化程度及各种生活习惯和实验室检查结果，采用多因素Logistic回归分析中老年人群发生高血压的影响因素。结果：5 658例调查对象中高血压患者2 514例，占44.4%。统计学分析结果显示高血压在不同年龄、心率、体质量指数(BMI)、文化程度、中心性肥胖、运动频率、吸烟、饮酒、尿蛋白、血糖、心电图异常、血脂人群中患病率不同(P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄65～＜75岁(OR=1.435，P＜0.001)、年龄≥75岁(OR=2.157，P＜0.001)、偏胖(OR=1.365，P＜0.001)、肥胖(OR=1.659，P＜0.001)、心率≥80次·min^-1(OR=1.462，P＜0.001)、偶尔饮酒(OR=1.546，P=0.002)、经常饮酒(OR=1.516，P=0.033)、每天饮酒(OR=1.681，P＜0.001)、高血糖(OR=1.480，P＜0.001)、高血脂(OR=1.247，P=0.006)、中心性肥胖(OR=1.218，P=0.005)、尿蛋白阳性(OR=1.476，P=0.001)是高血压的独立危险因素，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。BMI正常(OR=0.620，P=0.020)、偶尔吸烟(OR=0.624，P=0.048)、每天吸烟(OR=0.677，P＜0.001)、每天运动(OR=0.793，P＜0.001)、文化程度小学(OR=0.791，P=0.012)、文化程度初中(OR=0.715，P＜0.001)、文化程度高中(OR=0.560，P＜0.001)、文化程度大专及以上(OR=0.342，P＜0.001)是高血压的独立保护因素，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：高年龄、饮酒、超重和肥胖、中心性肥胖、高血糖、高血脂、高心率、尿蛋白阳性可能是高血压发生的危险因素；吸烟、BMI正常、每天运动、高文化程度可能为高血压发生的保护因素。

Objective: To analyze the status of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly people and its influencing factors.Methods: The physical examination data of middle-aged and elderly people in Yushan town of Kunshan city from 2021 to 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into hypertension group(n=2 514) and normal blood pressure group(n=3 144) according to whether the blood pressure was higher than the normal index. The general data such as gender, age, educational level, various living habits and laboratory examination results were compared between the two groups, and the influencing factors of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly people were analyzed by multi-factor Logistic regression.Results: Among the 5 658 subjects, 2 514 were hypertensive, accounting for 44.4%. After statistical analysis, the prevalence of hypertension was different in different age, heart rate, BMI, educational level, central obesity, exercise frequency, smoking, drinking, urine protein, blood glucose, electrocardiogram abnormality and blood lipid(P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age 65~<75 years old(OR=1.435, P＜0.001), age≥75 years old(OR=2.157, P<0.001), overweight(OR=1.365,P＜0.001), obesity(OR=1.659, P<0.001), heart rate ≥80(OR=1.462, P＜0.001), occasional alcohol consumption(OR=1.546, P=0.002), frequent alcohol consumption(OR=1.516, P=0.033), daily alcohol consumption(OR=1.681, P＜0.001), hyperglycemia(OR=1.480, P<0.001), hyperlipidemia(OR=1.247, P=0.006), central obesity(OR=1.218, P=0.005) and positive urinary protein(OR=1.476, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for hypertension, and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). Normal BMI(OR=0.620, P=0.020), occasional smoking(OR=0.624, P=0.048), daily smoking(OR=0.677, P＜0.001), daily exercise(OR=0.793, P＜0.001), primary school education(OR=0.791, P=0.012), middle school education(OR=0.715, P<0.001), high school education(OR=0.560, P＜0.001), college education OR above(OR=0.342, P＜0.001) were independent protective factors for hypertension, and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion: High age, drinking, overweight and obesity, central obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, high heart rate and positive urinary protein may be the risk factors for hypertension. Smoking, normal BMI, daily exercise and high educational level may be protective factors for hypertension

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