目的：探讨雾霾天气对小学生健康状况的影响，为研究雾霾对小学生健康影响提供基础数据。方法：选取靠近钢铁工业园的区域为污染区，靠近城市环城水系的区域为清洁区，监测全年空气质量情况。分别抽取两区域小学学校，对学生进行生长发育情况的调查。比较两区域学生患呼吸系统疾病、过敏性疾病、传染性疾病的情况。结果：清洁区空气质量(AQI 指数为64.8±32.4)明显优于污染区(AQI 指数为153.5±104.5)，生活于污染区的学生身高[(142.0±28.3) cm]、体重[(43.6±18.3) kg]等基础发育数据与清洁区学生的身高[(145.6±25.4) cm]和体重[(45.2±15.6) kg]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)，但全年反复呼吸道感染、哮喘、鼻炎患病方面发病率(分别为19.6%、6.3%、19.6%)高于清洁区学生(分别为10.3%、1.8%、6.7%)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在雾霾高发的冬季，清洁区学生患病率明显低于污染区学生，最主要表现在呼吸系统疾病上。结论：雾霾天气对小学生的健康有影响，主要体现在对呼吸系统的影响上，容易儿童引起呼吸道感染、鼻炎、哮喘等疾病的发生。

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