滨州市滨城区小学生注意缺陷多动障碍的流行病学研究-现代医学

滨州市滨城区小学生注意缺陷多动障碍的流行病学研究

单位：1. 滨州市人民医院儿科, 山东滨州 256600;
2. 滨州医学院附属医院儿科, 山东滨州 256600

分类号：R749.94

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2023·51·第十一期（1539-1546）

摘要：

目的：对滨州市滨城区小学生进行注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)流行病学调查研究，为疾病诊疗提供临床依据。方法：参照美国《精神障碍诊断和统计手册(第5版)》(DSM-5)对27 579名小学生进行ADHD筛查及诊断，采用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果：收回有效调查问卷23 362份(84.71%)，共确诊ADHD 800例(3.42%)，其中主要表现为注意缺陷477例(2.04%)，男女比例为1.71 ∶ 1，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。不同年龄组10岁～儿童ADHD总患病率及主要表现为注意缺陷患病率最高，6岁～儿童主要表现为多动/冲动ADHD患病率最高，8岁～儿童组合表现ADHD患病率最高，差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示：小学生ADHD与性别、年龄、母亲文化程度、父亲有无ADHD病史、上学期间睡眠时间、周末假期睡眠时间及是否有晨起困难显著相关(P＜0.05)。结论：滨州市滨城区小学生ADHD主要表现为注意缺陷，多发于男生，影响因素较多，在临床诊疗、学校及家庭教育中须给予重视，应根据影响因素采用有效措施尽早干预。

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) among pupils in Bincheng District in Binzhou, and provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods: The screening and final diagnosis of ADHD were carried out according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition(DSM-5), and 27 579 pupils were screened.Statistical Product and Service Solutions(SPSS) 27.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among 23 362 valid questionnaires(84.71%), 800 cases(3.42%) were diagnosed with ADHD in total, of whom there were 477 cases(2.04%)mainly manifesting attention deficit with the ratio of male to female being 1.71 : 1, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The total prevalence and the rate of mainly manifested as attention deficit of ADHD in children aged 10-years old were the highest, the prevalence of ADHDmainly manifested as hyperactivity/impulsivity in children aged 6-years old was the highest, and the prevalence of ADHD combined manifestations in children aged 8-years old was the highest. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that ADHD of pupils was significantly correlated with gender, age, mother's educational level, father's history of ADHD, sleeping time during schooling and on weekends,and whether they had difficulty in getting up in the morning(P<0.05). Conclusion: ADHD of pupils in Bincheng District in Binzhou is mainly characterized by attention deficit, which mainly occurs in boys. There are many influencing factors, such as gender, age, mother's educational level, father's history of ADHD, sleeping time during schooling and on weekends, etc. Attention should be paid to clinical diagnosis and treatment and children's school and family education.Effective measures should be taken as early as possible based on the influencing factors.

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