不同周期的低碳水化合物饮食干预对超重/肥胖人群的减重效果-现代医学

不同周期的低碳水化合物饮食干预对超重/肥胖人群的减重效果

单位：1. 新疆医科大学公共卫生学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 新疆医科大学第一附属医院临床营养科, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

分类号：R153.9

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2023·51·第十期（1378-1386）

摘要：

目的：探讨不同干预周期下低碳水化合物饮食模式对超重/肥胖人群的减重效果。方法： 2021年1月至2021年12月在某医院临床营养科门诊招募超重/肥胖者采用低碳水化合物饮食模式进行减重干预。干预期间三大营养素供能比分别为碳水化合物供能<40%，蛋白质供能>30%，脂肪供能>30%。共招募100例研究对象，根据研究对象的不同干预周期将其分为3组（干预1、2、3个月组），其中10例研究对象在干预过程中失访，最终纳入干预1个月者37例、干预2个月者26例、干预3个月者27例。比较3个不同周期干预前后体成分等各指标变化及3组间差异，观察超重/肥胖人群在3个不同周期的低碳水化合物饮食干预后的减重效果。结果：（1）干预1个月、2个月和3个月后，分别有73.5%、91.3%和91.7%的受试者减轻初始体重的5%以上。（2）不同周期干预后，研究对象体重、体质量指数（BMI）、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、体脂肪、体脂百分比和内脏脂肪面积均明显低于干预前（P<0.05）。干预3个月优于干预1个月和干预2个月，组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。（3）干预1个月后总胆固醇、甘油三酯下降明显（P<0.05）。干预2个月后甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白明显降低（P<0.05）。干预3个月后甘油三酯明显降低（P<0.05）。结论：不同周期的低碳饮食干预均能有效减重，低碳水化合物饮食干预3个月减重和改善体脂的效果更佳。低碳水化合物饮食干预1个月总胆固醇和甘油三酯即有明显下降。

Objective: To investigate the effects of low-carbohydrate dietary patterns on weight loss in overweight/obese people under different intervention cycles. Methods: Overweight/obese patients recruited in the outpatient clinic of the Clinical Nutrition Department of a hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 used a low-carbohydrate diet mode for weight loss intervention. During the intervention, the three major nutrient energy supply ratios were carbohydrate energy supply <40%, protein energy supply >30%, fat energy supply >30%. A total of 100 participants were recruited and divided into three groups(intervention 1 month group, intervention 2 month group and intervention 3 month group) according to the different intervention cycles of the study participants, of which 10 study subjects lost to follow-up during the intervention. Finally,37 cases were included in the intervention of one month, 26 cases of the intervention of two months, and 27 cases of the intervention of three months. The changes of body composition and other indicators before and after the intervention in three different cycles and the differences between the three groups were compared, and the weight loss effect of overweight/obese people after the low-carbohydrate diet intervention in three different cycles was observed. Results: (1) After 1 month of intervention, 2 months of intervention and 3 months of intervention, 73.5%, 91.3% and 91.7% of the subjects lost more than 5% of their initial body weight, respectively.(2) After different cycles of intervention, the weight, body mass index(BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, body fat, body fat percentage and visceral fat area of the study subjects were significantly lower than those before the intervention(P<0.05). The intervention at three months was better than the intervention at one month and the intervention at two months, and the difference between groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).(3) Total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly after one month of intervention(P<0.05).Triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein were significantly reduced after two months of intervention(P<0.05). Triglycerides were significantly reduced after three months of intervention(P<0.05). Conclusion: Different cycles of low-carb diet intervention are effective in weight loss, and low-carbohydrate dietary interventions have better effects on weight loss and body fat improvement at three months. Total cholesterol and triglycerides decrease significantly at one month with low-carbohydrate dietary interventions.

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