目的：对肿瘤患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC）相关性静脉血栓风险预测模型进行系统评价，为临床实践提供一定的参考。方法：利用计算机检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方、维普、PubMed、Web Of Science、Embase和CINAHL数据库中与主题相关的文献，检索时间为建库至2022年11月22日，由两名研究人员根据纳入、排除标准筛选文献。根据预测模型研究系统评价的关键评估和数据提取清单（CHARMS）独立进行预测模型相关资料的提取，利用PROBAST工具独立对文献偏倚风险（ROB）和适用性进行评估。采用描述性分析法对预测模型的基本特征及纳入研究的ROB和适用性评估结果进行总结。结果：本研究共纳入12篇文献，研究类型主要是前瞻性队列研究和回顾性队列研究，共计8 198例患者。利用Logistic回归、COX回归、人工神经网络（ANN）、LASSO回归、随机森林算法（RF）构建了17个预测模型，其中16个预测模型报告了受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC），4项研究对模型进行了校准度的评估，9项研究对模型进行了内部验证。D-二聚体指标升高、合并糖尿病、PICC置管史、肿瘤分期高、吸烟史、营养风险筛查2002（NRS2002）评分是模型中包含最多的预测因子。ROB评估发现12篇文献均有高偏倚风险，造成高偏倚风险的原因主要有样本量过少、未处理缺失数据、缺乏外部验证、基于单变量分析筛选预测因子、缺乏模型性能评估及模型过度拟合。适用性评估发现4项研究具有高适用性，低适用性的原因主要是纳入文献的研究对象局限于年龄>18岁的患者。结论：肿瘤患者PICC相关性静脉血栓风险预测模型总体上具有良好的区分度、校准度及适用性，但仍存在方法学的缺陷及ROB。在未来应注重预测模型的数据处理分析方法、外部验证及校准度的评估，开发预测性能优良、适用性高的模型，为临床医疗决策提供更多的帮助。

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