程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）是主要在T/B细胞表达的共免疫抑制分子，与PD-L1配体结合后产生广泛的抑制效应。肿瘤细胞通过PD-1/PD-L1信号途经抑制CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞、M1型巨噬细胞以及自然杀伤细胞（NK），促进Th2型免疫极化的形成，下调机体的抗肿瘤免疫，从而介导免疫逃逸。此外，机体通过PD-1/PD-L1信号轴上调调节性T （Treg）细胞的功能，抑制效应T细胞功能，减轻过度免疫的应答。本文旨在对PD-1及其配体PD-L1在肺恶性肿瘤、过敏性哮喘以及结核病（TB）中的作用机制和临床价值进行综述。

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