黔西南州布依族人群食物不耐受情况分析-现代医学

黔西南州布依族人群食物不耐受情况分析

单位：1. 遵义医科大学第一临床学院, 贵州遵义 563000;
2. 遵义医科大学黔西南附属医院消化内科, 贵州兴义 562400

分类号：R151.4

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2022·50·第十二期（1518-1522）

摘要：

目的：了解贵州省黔西南州布依族人群食物不耐受情况，从而为该人群提供饮食指导。方法：随机选取贵州省黔西南州162例布依族人群为研究对象。采用酶联免疫吸附技术检测人血清样本中14种食物过敏原特异性IgG抗体水平,分析黔西南州布依族人群食物不耐受情况。结果：162例布依族人群中男76例、女86例，有104例特异性IgG抗体检测结果为阳性，阳性率为64.20%。其中，食物不耐受阳性率排名前五的食物为鸡蛋(50.62%)、蘑菇(14.81%)、牛奶(13.58%)、西红柿(11.73%)、小麦(11.11%)，排名最低的食物为猪肉(1.23%)。鸡蛋不耐受以中、重度为主，牛奶、小麦不耐受以中度为主，大豆不耐受以轻、中度为主，其余食物均以轻度不耐受为主。不同性别人群食物不耐受阳性率比较，差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。未成年人群食物不耐受阳性率(77.17%)显著高于成年人群(47.14%)，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。进一步分析发现，未成年人群的鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦不耐受阳性率高于成年人群，差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。结论：贵州省黔西南州布依族人群普遍存在食物不耐受，以鸡蛋、蘑菇、牛奶不耐受为主，且不耐受情况与年龄有关。通过检测可及时发现食物不耐受，通过调整饮食结构可防治该疾病，从而减轻患者症状，提高生活质量。

Objective: To understand the food intolerance of Buyi ethnic group population in Qianxinan, so as to provide dietary guidance for the population. Methods: One hundred and sixty-two cases of the Buyi ethnic group population in Qianxinan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, were randomly selected for the study. The allergen-specific IgG antibodies levels of 14 kinds of food in human serum specimens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique, and the food intolerance of the population of Qianyinan Prefecture was analyzed. Results: Among 162 cases(76 males and 86 females) of Buyi ethnic group population,104 cases tested positive for specific IgG antibodies, with a positivity rate of 64.20%. Among them, the food ranking top five accorrding to positive rate were eggs(50.62%), mushrooms(14.81%), milk(13.58%), tomatoes(11.73%), and wheat(11.11%), and the food with the lowest positive rate was pork(1.23%). Eggs were predominantly moderately and severely intolerant, milk and wheat were predominantly moderately intolerant, soybean was predominantly moderately and mildly intolerant,and the rest were predominantly mildly intolerant. There was no statistically significant difference in food intolerance positive rate between males and females(P>0.05). The food intolerance positive rate in juveniles population(77.17%) was significantly higher than that in adults population(47.14%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Further analysis found the the intolerance positive rate of eggs, milk and wheat in juveniles group were higher than those in the adults group, and the difference were all statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusion: Food intolerance is common, mainly based on eggs, mushrooms and milk, in the population of Buyi ethnic group population in Qianxinan Prefecture, Guizhou Province. Food intolerance has associaton with age. Food intolerance can be detected and diagnosed as early as possible by testing, and prevented or treated through dietary therapy, so as to reduce the symptoms of patients and improve their quality of life.

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