目的：分析头颈部肿瘤放疗后血行感染的发生情况及其危险因素，构建感染风险预测模型，并对其诊断效能进行验证。方法：将2019年1月至2021年12月于我院行放疗的476例头颈部肿瘤患者纳入研究，根据患者是否出现血行感染将其分为感染组及对照组，比较两组患者的一般资料、临床特征及相关实验室指标，采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响放疗后感染的因素，并使用R软件建立放疗后感染的列线图预测模型，并对其进行Bootstrap内部验证。结果：与对照组患者相比，感染组患者年龄较大，住院时间较长，行侵入性操作患者比例、患者主观整体评估（PG-SGA）评分及中性粒细胞水平较高，白蛋白水平较低（均P<0.05）；多因素Logistics回归分析示高龄、高PG-SGA评分、住院时间过长及侵入性操作是影响感染发生的独立危险因素，而高白蛋白水平则是保护因素（均P<0.05）；列线图预测放疗后感染发生的一致性指数为0.947，校正曲线显示列线图模型预测感染与实际观察的相关性较好。结论：基于年龄、侵入性操作及白蛋白水平等因素构建的列线图可有效对头颈部肿瘤患者放疗后血行感染的发生进行预测，并具有较好的应用价值。

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