茂名市6～12岁儿童遗尿症患病率及其危害的调查研究-现代医学

茂名市6～12岁儿童遗尿症患病率及其危害的调查研究

单位：茂名市妇幼保健院, 广东茂名 525099

分类号：R726.945.3

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2022·50·第七期（835-839）

摘要：

目的：调查茂名市6~12岁儿童遗尿症患病率及患病特征，探讨其对患儿学习成绩和性格的影响。方法：采用分层整群抽样方法，在茂名市抽取6～12岁儿童及家属，通过微信问卷法对儿童遗尿患病率进行调查，数据分析采用卡方检验进行组间差异的比较。结果：实际回收有效问卷为1 153份，有效问卷率为72.06%。其中，男643例（55.77%），女510例（44.23%）；有遗尿症者50例（4.34%），包括33例男童（5.13%）和17例女童（3.33%）。8~10岁儿童总患病率最高，约5.41%。男童中6~8岁儿童患病率最高，约6.10%；女童中8~10岁儿童患病率最高，约5.36%。各年龄段男女儿童患病率比较，差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）；男童与女童在患病程度上差异也无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与无遗尿症儿童相比，有遗尿症患儿的家庭遗传史、疾病史、睡前干预（包括睡前排尿训练、睡前减少水分摄入等）等占比明显增高（均P<0.05）；学习成绩明显降低，性格明显较自卑、内向，易发脾气，注意力不集中（均P<0.05）。遗尿症患儿就诊率约40%。结论：茂名市6～12岁儿童中男童遗尿症患病率高于女童，遗尿的发生与家族史、疾病史及睡前干预有关，遗尿症对患儿成绩及性格可产生不良影响。

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of enuresis in children aged from 6 to 12 years in Maoming city, and to explore the influence of enuresis on children's academic performance and personality. Methods: Children aged 6 to 12 were underwent stratified cluster sampling in Maoming city, and were investigated by WeChat questionnaire. Results: All together, 1 153 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective questionnaire rate was 72.06%. There were 643 males(55.77%) and 510 females(44.23%); 50 cases(4.34%) had enuresis, including 33 males(5.13%) and 17 females(3.33%). The prevalence rate was highest in children aged 8-10 years, which was about 5.41%. And they were grouped by genders, as for male children, the prevalence rate 6.10% was highest in children aged 6-8 years, while as for female children, it was the highest in children aged 8 to 10, being 5.36%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate between male and female children at all ages(all P>0.05). For different degrees of disease severity, the proportion of male children was higher than that of female children(all P<0.05). Compared with children without enuresis, children with enuresis had significantly higher family genetic history, disease history, bedtime intervention(including urination training before bedtime and reducing water intake before bedtime), lower academic performance, lower self-esteem, introverted personality, easiness to lose temper, and less concentration of attention(all P<0.05).The attendance rate of children with enuresis was about 40%. Conclusion: The prevalence of enuresis in children aged from 6 to 12 in Maoming city is higher than that in male children, the occurrence of enuresis is associated with family genetic history, disease history and bedtime intervention. Enuresis has a negative impact on children's academic performance and personality.

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