目的：探究高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染病毒分型、载量与宫颈癌分级及分期的关系，为宫颈癌早期诊断和预防提供参考依据。方法：收集南京医科大学附属江宁医院妇产科门诊2019年3月至11月期间宫颈癌筛查女性患者的病理组织样本308例，根据病理检查结果分为对照组、宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)组及宫颈癌组。采用实时定量荧光PCR法检测高危型HPV亚型及病毒载量。单因素Logistic回归分析评价高危型HPV感染病毒载量与宫颈癌病变的关联。结果：CIN组中，感染HPV16、18、33、35、52、58亚型的患者占比超过80%；宫颈癌组中感染HPV16或18亚型的占比超过50%。伴随宫颈病变程度增加，高危型HPV阳性率呈上升趋势。经Logistic回归分析，高危型HPV多重感染是CIN和宫颈癌的危险因素。此外，HPV高病毒载量是宫颈癌患病的主要危险因素(OR值为17.91，95%CI:4.17~76.90)。结论：宫颈癌相关病变的HPV感染除了须继续关注HPV16、18亚型外，同样需要重视HPV33和58亚型感染。针对HPV多重感染的研究需要进一步分析不同亚型组合之间的交互效应。此外，应将病毒载量检测应用于宫颈癌的早期筛查工作中。

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