目的：探究藤苦参介导蛋白激酶C-γ(PKCγ)/生长相关蛋白-43(GAP-43)通路下调癫痫大鼠免疫细胞因子表达对神经元损伤的保护机制。 方法：利用注射氯化锂-匹罗卡品的方法构建癫痫模型。将建模成功的45只大鼠随机分为癫痫组、低剂量藤苦参组和高剂量藤苦参组，每组15只。健康大鼠15只作为对照组。低剂量藤苦参组用100 mg·kg^-1藤苦参灌胃，高剂量藤苦参组用200 mg·kg^-1灌胃。检测各组大鼠Racine分级、脑组织损伤、神经元凋亡、PKCγ/GAP-43通路及白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、免疫球蛋白(Ig) G1和 IgG2a表达水平。结果：癫痫组大鼠的Racine分级、组织损伤、凋亡指数及PKCγ、GAP-43、IL-1β、IL-6、IgG1、IgG2a表达水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。低剂量藤苦参组和高剂量藤苦参组的上述指标均显著低于癫痫组(P<0.05)。高剂量藤苦参组的Racine分级、组织损伤、凋亡指数及IL-1β、IL-6、IgG1、IgG2a、PKCγ、GAP-43 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著低于低剂量藤苦参组(P<0.05)。结论：藤苦参可能通过调控机体的免疫水平抑制炎症反应缓解神经元凋亡，并可抑制PKCγ/GAP-43通路。

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