目的:了解我国山东省济南地区艰难梭菌临床分离株的多位点序列分型情况及感染危险因素。方法:收集2018年1月至2019年6月山东第一医科大学附属省立医院成人腹泻患者分离的41株艰难梭菌,对其进行PCR毒素基因检测、多位点序列分型及感染危险因素分析。结果:所分离的41株艰难梭菌中,tcdA⁺ tcdB⁺tcdC⁺tcdR⁺ tcdE⁺cdtA^- cdtB^-为最常见的毒素表达谱型;共检出13种ST型别,最常见的型别依次为ST3(11株,占26.8%)、ST2(6株,占14.6%),并发现5株ST1型高毒力RT027艰难梭菌。艰难梭菌感染患者流行病学分析显示,高龄、慢性肺部疾病等基础疾病及服用抗生素等为感染的高危因素。结论:增强对艰难梭菌感染的认知,提升艰难梭菌感染检测能力,建立艰难梭菌感染监测体系,将有助于应对艰难梭菌感染带来的严峻挑战。

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