Objective:To investigate the changes and clinical significance of various cytokines and T cell activation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTIs) during acute and convalescence stages.Methods:Thirty-seven children with LRTIs were selected as the research subjects,and BALF samples at acute phase and recovery phase were collected.According to the index of severity (IOS),the severity of the disease during the acute phase was assessed as mild,moderate and severe.HPIV genotypes (1-4) were analyzed by multiple quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in BALF samples.T cell subsets (CD3+,CD69+,CD25+ and HLA-DR+) in BALF samples were analyzed by flow cytometry.Interleukin (IL)-6,IL-10,IL-2,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in BALF samples were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results:The detection rate of HPIV-3 genotype was 83.78%(31/37).The whole blood white blood cell count,neutrophil count and lymphocyte count in acute phase were higher than those in recovery phase,but the hemoglobin level and red blood cell count were lower than those in recovery phase (P<0.05).Compared with the convalescent stage,the CD3+T cell count in acute stage BALF samples decreased,but the CD69+T cell count,CD25+T cell count,HLA-DR+T cell count increased,and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ increased (P<0.05).In addition,the levels of IL-6,IL-2,TNF-α and IFN-γ in BALF samples in acute stage were higher than those in recovery stage (P<0.05).The levels of CD69+,CD4+/CD8+,IL-10,IL-2 and IFN-γ in the moderate and severe BALF samples at acute stage were higher than those in the mild group,while the level of CD3+ was lower than that in the mild group (P<0.05).Compared with the moderate group,the levels of CD69+,CD4+/CD8+,IL-10,IL-2 and IFN-γ were further increased in the severe group,while the level of CD3+ was further decreased in the moderate group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Activated T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIPVs infection,which may be an important immunological and clinical surveillance tool for identifying viral infections in children. |
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