支气管扩张症（BE）是一种慢性结构性肺部疾病，一般是在支气管发生阻塞导致气流受限的情况下，引起的微生物侵袭感染及大量炎症因子在气道聚集所造成的反复性的化脓性炎症及不可逆气道重塑。中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（NE）是在中性粒细胞（HMN）中储存并释放的众多蛋白水解酶中水解功能最强、最重要的一种。作为主要的炎症效应因子，NE在BE的气道中主要通过促进炎症介质释放、破坏上皮连接结构、降解细胞外基质等导致肺损伤。因此，NE通过多种途径参与BE的发病过程。本文就NE对BE的作用机制研究作一综述。

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