目的：分析呼吸道变应性疾病患儿外周血T-bet/GATA-3表达与肠道菌群变化的相关性。方法：将我院2017年1月至2019年2月间收治的80例呼吸道变应性疾病患儿按照疾病严重程度分为轻度组与中度组；采用RT-PCR法检测患儿外周血T淋巴细胞中T-bet mRNA及GATA mRNA表达，采用PCR法检测粪便中大肠杆菌及双歧杆菌水平。采用Logistic回归模型分析T-bet/GATA-3表达及肠道菌群与患儿病情的关系，采用线性回归模型分析T-bet/GATA-3表达与肠道菌群的关系。结果与结论：轻度组外周血T-bet及T-bet/GATA-3水平明显高于中度组、GATA-3水平明显低于中度组（P<0.05），大肠杆菌水平明显低于中度组、双歧杆菌水平明显高于中度组（P<0.05）；呼吸道变应性疾病患儿外周血中低T-bet/GATA-3表达、肠道中双歧杆菌低水平和大肠杆菌高水平是影响病情进展的独立危险因素（P<0.05）；T-bet/GATA-3表达与大肠杆菌水平呈负相关（P<0.05），与双歧杆菌水平呈正相关（P<0.05）。

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