Oncosomes are cancer cell-derived exosomes referring to a group of extracellular vesicles ranging from 50-150 nm in diameter. They are capable of transporting biological macromolecules, including oncoproteins, cytokines, enzymes, glycans, lipids, DNA and RNAs, to target cells via the vascular network. In this way, oncosomes bridge the long-distance communication between cancer cells and target cells and play crucial roles in metastasis. In this review, we focus on the role of oncosome-carried proteins, especially membrane proteins, and miRNAs in three aspects involved in the first-phase of metastasis, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulation of tumor vascular microenviroment and tumor organotropic metastasis. Through searching PubMed with key words "Oncosomes OR exosomes AND EMT", "Oncosomes OR exosomes AND tumor vascular microenvironment", "Oncosomes OR exosomes AND tumor organotropic metastasis", we analyzed and summarized the major research progress in this field published in the past five years. |
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