严重急性呼吸综合征、中东呼吸综合征和新冠病毒肺炎特征比较-现代医学

严重急性呼吸综合征、中东呼吸综合征和新冠病毒肺炎特征比较

单位：苏州大学医学部公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系, 江苏苏州 215123

分类号：R563

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2020·39·第八期（1087-1093）

摘要：

本文从病原学特征、临床特征以及流行病学特征三个方面对严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）、中东呼吸综合征（MERS）、新冠病毒肺炎（COVID-19）进行了归纳和总结。SARS、MERS和COVID-19都是由冠状病毒（COV）感染而引起的肺炎，临床上主要表现为呼吸道感染症状。SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV和新型冠状病毒2019（2019-nCoV）的原始宿主可能都是蝙蝠，主要传染源为患者，通过呼吸道飞沫和接触传播，人群均普遍易感。与SARS和MERS相比，COVID-19多数为轻型和普通型患者，病死率较低。但COVID-19的传播力比SARS和MERS强，其影响范围和死亡人数也远远超过SARS和MERS，已形成全球大流行的趋势，世界各国只有密切合作，才能遏制COVID-19疫情的蔓延和恶化。

We summarized etiological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the present review. SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are all pneumonia caused by coronavirus (CoV) infection, and the main clinical manifestations are respiratory infection symptoms. The original hosts of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and 2019-nCoV might be bats, and main sources of infection are the patients with pathogens. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and New coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) are mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets and close contacts, and people are generally susceptible. Compared with SARS and MERS, most patients of COVID-19 with mild and moderate syndromes and the case fatality rate is lower. However, the transmission power of COVID-19 is stronger than SARS and MERS. The scope of influence and the number of death caused by COVID-19 have far exceeded SARS and MERS. Currently, COVID-19 becomes a global pandemic trend. All countries in the world need to closely cooperate to restrict the spread and deterioration of the COVID-19 epidemic.

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