目的：探讨血浆纤维蛋白原（FIB）和血清尿酸（UA）水平与脑小血管病（CSVD）患者血管性认知障碍（VCI）的相关性。方法：选择2018年1月至6月邯郸市第一医院神经内科CSVD患者90例，分为VCI组和非VCI组。采用PT-der法测定血浆FIB水平，酶循环法测定血清UA水平。应用蒙特利尔认知量表（MoCA）评价认知功能。应用Logistic回归分析判断可能的危险因素，采用线性回归确定危险因素与认知功能之间的关系。结果：VCI组患者血FIB和UA水平明显高于非VCI组（P<0.05）。在VCI组患者中，血UA水平与患者的MoCA总分（r=-0.303，P=0.041）和视空间与执行功能（r=-0.49，P=0.001）相关；血FIB水平除了影响MoCA总分（r=-0.491，P=0.001）和视空间与执行功能（r=-0.667，P<0.001）之外，还影响到患者的延迟回忆（r=-0.458，P=0.001）和定向力（r=-0.298，P=0.044）。结论：血FIB和UA水平是CSVD患者发生VCI的危险因素，可作为CSVD患者发生VCI的预测因子。

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