江苏省兴化地区子宫平滑肌瘤的风险因素研究与分析-现代医学

江苏省兴化地区子宫平滑肌瘤的风险因素研究与分析

单位：扬州大学附属兴化市人民医院妇产科, 江苏兴化 225700

分类号：R737.33

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2020·39·第五期（589-593）

摘要：

目的：调查江苏省兴化地区子宫平滑肌瘤的流行病学情况，分析其致病的风险因素，为子宫平滑肌瘤的预防及治疗提供依据。方法：选择2013年1月至2017年12月于兴化市人民医院确诊的子宫平滑肌瘤患者和同期在该院体检中心接受健康体检的受试者，采用病例对照研究方法对研究对象进行流行病学问卷调查，将结果录入数据库，对资料进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析，并且进行随访。结果：本研究共纳入了1 273例女性，包括213例患有子宫平滑肌瘤的女性（病例组）和1 060例健康女性（对照组），两组间年龄、婚姻状况、妊娠次数和并发症、体育锻炼、饮酒以及子宫疾病家族史差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）；两组间的体重指数（P=0.043）、受教育程度（P=0.041）、吸烟（P=0.030）、经常摄入咖啡因（P=0.019）、经常食用大豆类食物（P=0.025）、经常使用口服避孕药（P=0.034）差异有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，食用大豆类食物（OR=7.349，96% CI 5.081~9.454，P=0.039）和经常使用口服避孕药（OR=8.103，95% CI 4.486~12.583，P=0.018）是子宫平滑肌瘤的独立风险因素。结论：经常食用大豆类食物以及经常使用口服避孕药会导致子宫平滑肌瘤的高风险，在临床实践中应进行适当的子宫平滑肌瘤的预防教育。

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological status of uterine leiomyoma in Xinghua area of Jiangsu Province, and to analyze the risk factors of disease, provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of uterine leiomyoma.Methods: Patients with uterine leiomyoma diagnosed in XinghuaPeople's Hospital from June 2016 to May 2018 and subjects who received health examinations at the same time in the hospital's physical examination center were selected for epidemiological studies using case-control studies. The questionnaire was surveyed, the results were entered into the database, and the data were analyzed by single factor and multivariate logistic regression, and follow-up was performed.Results: A total of 1 273 women were included in the study, including 213 women with uterine leiomyomas (case group) and 1 060 healthy women (control group). There was no significant difference in age, marital status, number of pregnancies and complications, physical exercise, alcohol consumption, and family history of uterine disease between the two groups (all P>0.05). However, body mass index (P=0.043), education (P=0.041), smoking (P=0.030), frequent intake of caffeine (P=0.019), frequent consumption of milk or soy food (P=0.025), the frequent use of oral contraceptives (P=0.034), these results were statistically different between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that frequent consumption of soy foods (OR=7.349,95% CI 5.081-9.454,P=0.039) and frequent use of oral contraceptives (OR=8.103,95% CI 4.486-12.583,P=0.018) were independent risk factors of uterine leiomyoma.Conclusion: Frequent consumption of soy foods, as well as frequent use of oral contraceptives, can lead to high risk of uterine fibroids, and it is recommended in clinical practice to conduct appropriate prevention education for uterine leiomyoma.

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