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2015—2017年某院重症监护病房医院感染病原菌分布及变化趋势分析
作者:胡楠楠  蒋莉  金黎萍 
单位:上海市胸科医院 重症监护室, 上海 203000
关键词:重症监护病房 医院感染 病原菌 耐药性 变化趋势 
分类号:R446.5
出版年·卷·期(页码):2020·39·第四期(500-504)
摘要:

目的:了解我院重症监护病房(ICU)医院感染的病原菌分布及变化趋势,为明确医院感染防控重点,有效控制感染,合理选择抗菌药物,提高感染管理水平提供参考依据。方法:回顾性收集我院2015年1月至2017年12月入住ICU病房全部患者的医院感染资料并进行病原菌鉴定。结果:2015、2016、2017年医院ICU感染率分别为3.23%(160/4 960)、3.08%(143/4 636)、2.56%(103/4 024),总体呈下降趋势,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.67,P>0.05)。临床分离医院感染病原菌共324株,其中革兰阳性菌69 株(21.30%),革兰阴性菌214 株(66.05%),真菌41株(12.65%),呼吸道咳痰标本最常见;产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的肺炎克雷伯菌、变形杆菌和大肠埃希菌的耐药菌株和耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的鲍曼不动杆菌比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药菌株比例变化显著(P=0.011),2016年耐药菌株较2015年显著增加(P<0.016 7)。结论:临床医生应结合ICU病原菌流行特点,合理选用抗生素。通过连续性医院感染防控监测评价管理措施的效果并不断改进,可有效地控制ICU医院感染。

Objective: To understand the distribution and trend of pathogenic bacteria in hospital infection in ICU, and to provide a reference for identifying the key points of hospital infection prevention and control, effective control of infection, rational selection of antibiotics and improving the management level of infection. Methods: Data of nosocomial infection of all patients admitted to the ICU ward in January 2015-2017 in December were retrospectively collected and the pathogenic bacteria were identified.Results: The infection rates of ICU in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were 3.23%(160/4 960), 3.08%(143/4 636) and 2.56%(103/4 024), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant(χ2=3.67, P=0.16). 324 strains of nosocomial infection were isolated, including 69 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(21.30%), 214 Gram-negative bacteria(66.05%), 41 fungi(12.65%). The most common specimens were sputum specimens from respiratory tract. There were no significant difference in the drug resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus and Escherichia coli and carbapenems produced by broad-spectrum beta lactamase and the proportion of Acinetobacter such as Bauman (P>0.05), while the proportion of resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus changed significantly(P=0.011), which was significantly increased in 2016 compared with that in 2015(P<0.0167).Conclusion: Clinicians should select antibiotics according to the epidemic characteristics of ICU pathogens. Through continuous hospital infection prevention and control monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of management measures and continuous improvement, can effectively control ICU hospital infection.

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