目的：探讨脑室出血后脑室外引流术治疗及保守治疗两种方式对患者认知功能的影响。方法：选取2009年7月至2019年1月滁州市第一人民医院神经外科收治的59例脑室出血患者，根据治疗方式分为保守治疗组（28例）和脑室外引流术治疗组（31例）。入院及出院时使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）对患者认知功能进行评分，≥27分患者认知功能正常，<27分患者认知功能障碍。结果：入院时两组患者认知功能障碍发生率分别为46%（13/28）、32%（10/31），差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；出院时两组患者认知功能障碍发生率分别为35%（10/28）、12%（4/31），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：脑室出血后行脑室外引流术可降低患者脑室出血后认知功能障碍的发生率。

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