目的：分析紫绀型先天性心脏病（CCHD）患儿紫绀型肾病（CN）和白蛋白尿的发生率及相关因素。方法：收集2013年11月至2016年10月海南医学院第二附属医院儿科收治的CCHD患儿93例的临床资料，包括患儿基线特征、血氧饱和度、手术史以及血红蛋白（Hb）、血细胞比容（Hct）、尿白蛋白、尿蛋白、肌酐等检测结果。采用二元逻辑回归模型确定白蛋白尿发生的相关因素。结果：纳入的CCHD患儿中CN的发生率为41.94%，白蛋白尿和肾小球滤过率下降的发生率分别为40.86%和31.18%。有和无白蛋白尿的CCHD病例在先前手术史、手术等待时间、依那普利使用、Hb、Hct、血小板计数、尿蛋白与肌酐比值及肺动脉高压发生情况等方面差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。二元Logistic回归分析显示，Hct水平超过0.40、血小板计数低于290×10⁹ L^-1及手术等待时间超过20个月与患儿出现白蛋白尿显著相关（P<0.05）。结论：对患有CCHD的儿童，建议每年进行尿检和白蛋白检测以筛查CN；Hct升高程度和低血小板计数是CN发病的预测因素；早期的完全矫正或姑息手术可以降低患CN的风险。

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