在骨缺损的治疗过程中，控制感染和重建骨的连续性仍然是临床中的两大难题。目前临床上常采用Ilizarov骨搬移技术、带血管的自体骨移植技术、Parizeau等技术修复骨缺损，但是上述技术存在着治疗周期长、对医师的临床技术要求较高、易出现骨折不愈合等缺点，因此在基层医院展开的难度较大。Masquelet技术又称为诱导膜技术，该技术操作简单、疗效可靠，愈合时间快，临床技术要求低，在临床应用中优势明显，容易被患者及医师接受。

[1] SIVAKUMAR R，MOHIDEEN M G，CHIDAMBARAM M，et al.Management of large bone defects in diaphyseal fractures by induced membrane formation by masquelets technique[J].J Orthop Case Rep,2016,6(3):59-62.
[2] KARGER C,KISHI T,SCHNEIDER L,et al.Treatment of posttraumatic bone defects by the induced membrane technique[J].OTSR,2012,98(1):97-102.
[3] MASQUELET A C,FITOUSSI F,BEGUE T,et al.Reconstruction des os longs par membrane induite et autogreffe spongieuse[J].Ann Chir Plast Esthet,2000,45(3):346-353.
[4] HAN W,SHEN J,WU H,et al.Induced membrane technique:advances in the management of bone defects[J].Int J Surg,2017,42(4):110-116.
[5] NAU C,SEEBACH C,TRUMM A,et al.Alteration of masquelets induced membrane characteristics by different kinds of antibiotic enriched bone cement in a critical size defect model in the rats femur[J].Injury,2016,47(2):325-334.
[6] HENRICH D,SEEBACH C,NAU C,et al.Establishment and characterization of the masquelet induced membrane technique in a rat femur critical-sized defect model[J].J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2016,10(10):E382-E396.
[7] ZHANG W J,ZHU C,WU Y Q,et al.VEGF and bmp-2 promote bone regeneration by facilitating bone marrow stem cell homing and differentiation[J].Eur Cells Mater,2014,15(27):1-11.
[8] MAUFFREY C,HAKE M E,CHADAYAMMURI V,et al.Reconstruction of long bone infections using the induced membrane technique:tips and tricks[J].J Orthop trauma,2016,30(6)：e188-e193.
[9] BOSEMARK P,PERDIKOURI C,PELKONEN M,et al.The masquelet induced membrane technique with bmp and a synthetic scaffold can heal a rat femoral critical size defect[J].J Orthop Res,2015,33(4):488-495.
[10] VIATEAU V,BENSIDHOUM M,GUILLEMIN G,et al.Use of the induced membrane technique for bone tissue engineering purposes:animal studies[J].Orthop Clin N Am,2010,41(1):49-56.
[11] AHO O M,LEHENKARI P,RISTINIEMI J,et al.The mechanism of action of induced membranes in bone repair[J].J Bone Jt Surg Am,2013,95(7):597-604.
[12] WANG X,WEI F,LUO F,et al.Induction of granulation tissue for the secretion of growth factors and the promotion of bone defect repair[J].J Orthop Surg Res,2015,10(1):10-17.
[13] CUTHBERT R J,CHURCHMAN S M,TAN H B,et al.Induced periosteum a complex cellular scaffold for thetreatment of large bone defects[J].Bone,2013,57(2):484-492.
[14] REN L,KANG Y,BROWNE C,et al.Fabrication,vascularization and osteogenic properties of a novel synthetic biomimetic induced membrane for the treatment of large bone defects[J].Bone,2014,64(7):173-182.
[15] GOURON R,PETIT L,BOUDOT C,et al.Osteoclasts and their precursors are present in the induced-membrane during bone reconstruction using the masquelet technique[J].J Tissue Eng Regen Med,2017,11(2):382-389.
[16] VALOUR F,TROUILLET-ASSANT S,RASIGADE J P,et al.Staphylococcus epidermidis in orthopedic device infections:the role of bacterial internalization in human osteoblasts and biofilm formation[J].PloS One,2013,8(6):e67240.
[17] ZIMMERLI W,MOSER C,.Pathogenesis and treatment concepts of orthopaedic biofilm infections[J].FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol,2012,65(2):158-168.
[18] SANDERS J,MAUFFREY C.Long bone osteomyelitis in adults:fundamental concepts and current techniques[J].Orthopedics,2013,36(5):368-375.
[19] AURGAN JC,BGUT.Induced membrane for treatment of critical sized bone defect:a review of experimental and clinical experiences[J].Int Orthop,2014,38(9):1971-1978.
[20] CHADAYAMMURI V,HAKE M,MAUFFREY C,et al.Innovative strategies for the management of long bone infection:a review of the masquelet technique[J].Patient Saf Surg,2015,9(1):1-10.
[21] TAYLOR B C,FRENCH B G,FOWLER T T,et al.Induced membrane technique for reconstruction to manage bone loss[J].J Am Acad Orthop Surg,2012,20 (3):142-150.
[22] DUEY R E,CHONG A C,MCQUEEN D A,et al.Mechanical properties and elution characteristics of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement impregnated with antibiotics for various surface area and volume constructs[J].Iowa Orthop J,2012,32(3):104-115.
[23] HSIEH P H,CHEN L H,CHEN C H,et al.Two-stage revision hip arthroplasty for infection with a custom-made,antibiotic-loaded,cement prosthesis as an interim spacer[J].J Trauma,2004,56(6):1247-1252.
[24] 杜虎羽，刘君，郭志坚，等.应用masquelet技术治疗跟骨骨髓炎的临床研究[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2017,25(15):1435-1437.
[25] AZI M L,AUGUSTO D A T A,COTIAS R B,et al.Bone union with an in situ spacer after the first stage of the induced membrane technique[J].Injury,2017,48(4):S17-S20.
[26] MEYER J,PILLER G,SPIEGEL C A,et al.Vacuum-mixing significantly changes antibiotic elution characteristics of commercially available antibiotic-impregnated bone cements[J].J Bone Jt Surg Am,2011,93(22):2049-2056.
[27] AMIN T J,LAMPING J W,HENDRICKS K J,et al.Increasing the elution of vancomycin from high-dose antibiotic-loaded bone cement:a novel preparation technique[J].J Bone Jt Surg Am,2012,94 (21):1946-1951.
[28] WOON Y L,CHONG K W,WONG M K,et al.Induced membranes -a staged technique of bone-grafting for segmental bone loss:a report of two cases and a literature review[J].J Bone Jt Surg Am,2010,92(1):196-201.
[29] WASKO M K,BORENS O.Antibiotic cement nail for the treatment of posttraumatic intramedullary infections of the tibia:midterm results in 10 cases[J].Injury,2013,44(8):1057-1060.
[30] APARD T,BIGORRE N,CRONIER P,et al.Two-stagereconstruction of post-traumatic segmental tibia bone loss with nailing[J].OTSR,2010,96(5):549-553.
[31] MAUFFREY C,CHAUS G W,BUTLER N,et al.MR-compatible antibiotic interlocked nail fabrication for the management of long bone infections:first case report of a new technique[J].Patient Saf Surg,2014,8(1):14-21.
[32] YU X,WU H,LI J,et al.Antibiotic cement-coated locking plate as a temporary internal fixator for femoral osteomyelitis defects[J].Int Orthop,2017,41(9):1851-1857.
[33] NT OMALLEY,SL KATES,et al.Advances on the masquelet technique using a cage and nail construct[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2012,132(2):245-248.
[34] 韩天宇，刘欣伟，荆延峰，等.膜诱导技术结合抗生素涂层髓内钉治疗大段感染性骨缺损[J].创伤与急危重病医学，2017，5(5):257-261.
[35] LUO F,WANG X,WANG S,et al.Induced membrane technique combined with two-stage internal fixation for the treatment of tibial osteomyelitis defects[J].Injury,2017,48(7):1623-1627.
[36] MASQUELET A C,BENKO P E,MATHEVON H,et al.Harvest of corticocancellous intramedullary femoral bone graft using the reamer-irrigatoraspirator(ria)[J].OTSR,2012,98(2):227-232.
[37] HAN F,PETER L,LAU E T,et al.Reamer irrigator aspiratorbone graft harvesting:complications and outcomes in an Asian population[J].Injury,2015,46(10):2042-2051.
[38] CALORI G M,COLOMBO M,MAZZA E L,et al.Incidence of donor site morbidity following harvesting from iliac crest or ria graft[J].Injury,2014,45(6)：S116-S120.
[39] MAUFFREY C,BARLOW B T,SMITH W,et al.Management of segmental bone defects[J].J Am Acad Orthop Surg,2015,23(3):143-153.
[40] GREENWALD A S,BODEN S D,GOLDBERG V M,et al.Bone-graft substitutes:facts,fictions,and applications[J].J Bone Jt Surg Am,2001,83(2):S98-S103.
[41] JONES A L,BUCHOLZ R W,BOSSE M J,et al.Recombinant human bmp-2 and allograft compared with autogenous bone graft for reconstruction of diaphyseal tibial fractures with cortical defects.a randomized,controlled trial[J].J bone Jt Surg Am,2006,88(7):1431-1441.
[42] VUKICEVIC S,OPPERMANN H,VERBANAC D,et al.The clinical use of bone morphogenetic proteins revisited:a novel biocompatible carrier device osteogrow for bone healing[J].Int Orthop,2014,38(3):635-647.
[43] BOSEMARK P,PERDIKOURI C,PELKONEN M,et al.The masquelet induced membrane technique with bmp and a synthetic scaffold can heal a rat femoral critical size defect[J].J Orthop Res,2015,33(4):488-495.
[44] MARAIS L C,FERREIRA N.Bone transport through an induced membrane in the management of tibial bone defects resulting from chronic osteomyelitis[J].Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr,2015,10(1):27-33.
[45] TAYLOR B C,HANCOCK J,ZITZKE R,et al.Treatment of bone loss with the induced membrane technique:techniques and outcomes[J].J Orthop Trauma,2015,29(12):554-557.
[46] EL-ALFY B S,ALI A M.Management of segmental skeletal defects by the induced membrane technique[J].Indian J Orthop,2015,49(6):643-648.
[47] MANSOUR T M,Ghanem I B.Preliminary results of the induced membrane technique for the reconstruction of large bone defects[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2017,37(1):E67-E74.