Objective:To analyze the clinical significance of serum prolactin expression in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis and to explore the possible influencing factors of serum prolactin expression level for secondary and tertiary adenomyosis Grade prevention provides a reference. Methods:Patients with adenomyosis in a tertiary level A hospital and the same number of controls were selected according to the principle of case-control test. On the first, the 7th of survey and the 14th day, three cross-sectional surveys were conducted respectively and the data were obtained. According to whether the raw data obeyed the normal distributions, or not, the results of three serum prolactin tests were compared by ANOVA and multiple independent sample rank sum test. Results:A total of 183 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 88 cases (48.09%) in the case group and 95 cases (51.91%) in the control group. The serum prolactin expression level in the three cases of adenomyosis varied (q=25.692, P<0.001). There was a significant difference between the first day and the seventh day (q=6.487, P<0.01), the seventh day and the 14th day (q=17.144, P<0.01) There was a statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group on the 0th day, the 7th day, the 14th day (95% CI:0.192~0.775), high-risk sexual life history (95% CI:1.392~4.339), history of hormone therapy over one year (95% CI:2.588~4.765), and family history (95% CI:1.176~3.726) were the influencing factors of serum prolactin expression (both P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum prolactin level has a significant clinical significance for the diagnosis of adenomyosis. The main influencing factors include age, high risk sexual life history, hormone therapy history and family history in one year.