糖尿病肾病是糖尿病严重的慢性微血管并发症之一，其发病机制复杂，细胞凋亡、氧化应激、炎症及纤维化等均参与糖尿病肾病的病理变化，是终末期肾病最常见的原因，也是糖尿病患者死亡的主要原因之一。二肽基肽酶（dipeptidyl peptidase-4，DPP-4）抑制剂西格列汀是一种新的抗糖尿病药物，可通过抑制DPP-4活性、提高内源性胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）水平从而抑制胰高血糖素的分泌，降低患者的血糖、血压及蛋白尿，延缓糖尿病肾病的发展。本文作者就西格列汀对糖尿病肾病作用机制的研究进展作一综述。

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