Objective To investigate the effect of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma （LA-NPC） and its effect on the prognosis of patients. Methods Selected 87 LA-NPC patients treated in our hospital from 2012 to 2009 were selected as the study subjects. The treatment was divided into 46 cases of the combined group and 41 cases in the radiotherapy group, the combined group was treated with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy group was treated with radiotherapy alone. The short term clinical effect, long-term prognosis and adverse reaction of the two groups were compared.Results Joint group of CR rate was 39.13% significantly higher than radiotherapy group 19.52% and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Before treatment and in the combination group and control group of serum CD44 and SA levels were had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). After treatment, combined group of serum CD44 and SA levels significantly lower than radiotherapy group (P < 0.05); Joint group of 3 years survival rate 80.43% (37/46) and the control group 70.73% (29) differences without statistical significance (χ2 =1.115, P=0.291>0.05); Patients in the combination group bit survival time of 33.5 months significantly longer than radiotherapy in patients with 30.7 months (log rank χ2=3.792, P=0.042<0.05. The incidence of combined group II + III degree of oral mucositis 30.43%, II + III of radioactive dermatitis was 26.07%, II + III degree of nausea and vomiting occurrence rate was 30.43% were significantly higher than in the radiation group 12.201%, 14.63%, 9.76%, the difference has statistical significance (P < 0.05).Conclusion Synchronous radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of LA-NPC is beneficial to further improve the treatment effect, prolong the survival time of patients, but the incidence of adverse reactions is higher.