This study was aimed at asses the value of Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)In combination with Autofluorescence Imaging（AFI） in the diagnosis of earlyesophageal carcinoma.Methods A retrospective analysis of 30 patients with Esophageal mucosal lesions was performed, who underwent Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) in combination with Autofluorescence Imaging（AFI） treatment in our hospital from January 2013 to November 2015,and compared with histopathological results,To analyze the diagnostic value of the combination treatment. Resuits In 30 cases of patients, 9 cases were diagnosed with early esophageal carcinoma by operative pathology ;In 30 cases of patients with esophageal mucosal lesions, 9 cases were diagnosed with cancerous lesions by Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) combined with Autofluorescence Imaging（AFI）treatment, and in which, 8 cases of cancerous lesions and 1 case of non cancerous lesions by pathological results verification; 21 cases were diagnosed with non cancerous lesions by combined diagnosis, and in which, 1 case of cancerous lesions and 20 cases of non cancerous lesions by pathological results verification; Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of early esophageal cancer by Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) combined with Autofluorescence Imaging（AFI）treatment are respectively: 88.89%（8/9）、88.89%（8/9）、95.24%(20/21)。   Conclusion Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) combined with Autofluorescence Imaging（AFI）treatment can improve the rate of esophageal lesions diagnostic,and enhance the diagnostic accuracy for early esophageal lesions ,thus it is valuable of clinic application.