Objective: To analyze main prognostic factors of acute circulatory failure patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Methods: Acute circulatory failure patients treated with ECMO from February 2010 to July 2015 were retrospective enrolled. All patients weaning from ECMO whose vital signs were stable for next the 24 hours (h) were enrolled in Successful group and others were enrolled in Failure group. Related factors were analyzed. Results: 112 cases were enrolled and 31 cases in Successful group, 81 in Failure group. There were significant differences in types of rhythm of the heart, SOFA scores, SAPS II scores, number of cases treated with ECMO within 24 hours after diagnosis of acute circulatory failure, number of cases with surgery after ECMO treatment, duration of ECMO treatment and duration of hypotension between Successful group and Failure group. There weren’t significant differences in concomitant disease, pH、ECMO mode. Results of regression analysis showed types of rhythm of the heart, SAPS II scores and duration of hypotension were independent prognostic factors of acute circulatory failure patients treated with ECMO. Conclusion: Duration of hypotension, duration of ECMO treatment after diagnosis of acute circulatory failure are prognostic factors of acute circulatory failure patients treated with ECMO and this suggests that acute circulatory failure patients may be treated with ECMO more actively. The prognosis is also influenced by other factors.