【Abstract】 Objective To explore effect observation on zoledronic acid injection treatment of primary osteoporosis.Methods By the prospective study method, according to the random matching principle, the 122 cases patients with osteoporosis divided into treatment group and control group from January 2010 to January 2012, control group (61 cases )was gave Caltrate(1 piece, one time/one day), treatment for 1 year; treatment group on the basis of control group were given zoledronic acid injection(5mg), after 1 year, before and after treatment ,the two groups with blood calcium, phosphorus, the change of blood ALP and lumbar, femoral neck, hip bone density and clinical curative effect were compared. Results Before treatment and after treatment 1 year, the blood calcium and blood phosphorus were compared, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)was compared, difference have statistical significance (P < 0.05). lumbar, femoral neck, hip bone density were compared, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). total effective rate (powerfully + effective) of treatment group was 96.72% (59/61), effective rate of control group was 81.97% (50/61). Two groups of the total effective rate were compared, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Effect observation on zoledronic acid for treatment of primary osteoporosis is distinct, safety, compliance, it is ideal choice for the treatment of osteoporosis.