Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in maintenance hemodialysis patients by nerve conduction studies (NCS) and measurement of grip strength. Meths: Twenty-eight maintenance hemodialysis patients with CTS were performed. They were divided into two groups: surgical treatment group with carpal tunnel release and non-surgical treatment group with local steroid injection and hemodialysis puls hemoperfusion. Baseline and follow up evaluations included NCS and measurement of grip strength before and 6 months after operation. Results: Motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) , sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV) and grip strength in surgical treatment group after operation increased compared with that in surgical treatment group before operation and thar in non-surgical treatment group after operation , with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: Carpal tunnel release had the function of promoting the recovery of CTS.