purpose to explore the method and effectiveness of the retinal detachment treatment under directly direct ophthalmoscopic observation. methods we collected 78 retinal detached cases during Jun,2009---Dec. 2010 who had taken the scleral buckling surgery under the directly direct ophthalmoscopic observation, here we describe the operative procedure, and analyze the effectiveness of the surgery. Results all the 78 cases finished taking the scleral buckling and circling surgery, with the retinal tears located under the directly direct ophthalmoscopic observation, and the retinal reattachment rate is satisfactory. Conclusion with no indirect binocular ophthalmoscope in hand, one may take the scleral buckling surgery successfully under the directly direct ophthalmoscopic observation. And this may benefit to most basic hospitals.