Objective To analyze the causes of patients transferring from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis and the influencing factors. Methods To retrospectively investigate the laboratory examinations of transferring from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis in patients between 2005 and 2009 in Drum Tower Hospital，and do a comparative analysis. Results Among the 176 patients ，23 cases switched to hemodialysis. The top reason was PD associated infection(7/23), followed in order by insufficient PD(6/23), technique failures(5/23), ultrafiltration failure(3/23) and the other reasons(2/23). The switched cases had older age , lower culture， more diabetic diseases，lower creatinine clearance rate，more serious malnutrition. Conclusions The PD associated infection is the main reason for patients to transfer from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis. Earlier renal replacement therapy, more Standardized Operational Process and better nutrional state can improve the PD technique survival.