目的：探讨卵巢神经内分泌肿瘤(O-NEC)的超声声像图特征及鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年12月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行超声检查、经手术病理证实的卵巢肿瘤患者，包括O-NEC患者(O-NEC组)10例、卵巢恶性生殖细胞瘤患者(非NEC组)11例，共21例患者25个病灶的超声图像特点、临床资料、病理结果及分期、治疗方式及预后。利用单因素分析各个超声征象与O-NEC的相关性。结果：单因素分析显示，患者年龄、病灶单发或多发、发生转移或盆腔种植在两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。O-NEC较卵巢恶性生殖细胞瘤发病年龄大、易多发、易发生淋巴结转移或盆腔种植。当出现上述特征中的2项以上视为检测结果阳性(O-NEC)，当出现0项或1项特征时视为检测结果阴性(卵巢非NEC)，此种方法预测O-NEC的灵敏度为50%、特异度为100%，阳性预测值100%，阴性预测值61%。结论：O-NEC多为中老年女性患者，病灶常多发，超声表现为体积较大的囊实性或实性肿块，边界清晰，形状规则，血供较丰富，较其他卵巢肿瘤更易发生淋巴结转移或盆腔种植。超声的正确诊断及评估可为该病的临床诊断和手术治疗提供参考依据。

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