Objective:To compare the short-term and long-term curative effects betweensingle operation hole and three operating holes for thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of thoracic tumors. Methods:64 patients with thoracic tumors were divided into two groups according to the surgical methods. Group A (34 cases) used single thoracotomy operation and group B (30 cases) used three thoracoscopic thoracoscopic surgery. Then the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissection, postoperative complications, degree of postoperative pain and 1, 2, and 3 year tumor-free survival rates the two groupswere compared. Results:The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissection, extubation time and hospital stay in both groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). The VAS scores of group A at 1 day and 1 month after operation were significantly lower than those in group B (P<0.05). The total postoperative complication rate in group A was 11.76%, which was significantly lower than 36.67% in group B (P <0.05). The tumor-free survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 year in group Awere 94.12%, 83.33% and 76.00% respectively, which were not significantly different from those in group B (93.33%, 81.48%, 73.91%; P>0.05). Conclusion:Long-term and short-term curative effects of thoracoscopic surgery with single operation hole and three operation holes are comparable, but the incidence of complications after operation of single operation hole is lower and the degree of pain is lighter.